ABSTRACT
@#Using a series of purification methods including silica gel， Sephadex LH-20 and preparative high performance liquid chromatography， secondary metabolites of Myrothecium sp. were purified from the ethyl acetate extract of the solid fermentation product. Based on structure characterization and investigation on the physical and chemical properties a， twelve monomeric compounds were identified as 3''-hydroxyverrucarin A (1), verrucarin A (2), verrucarin L acetate (3), verrucarin J (4), verrucarin K (5), roridin A (6), roridin D (7), roridin H (8), roridin J (9), verrol 4-acetate (10), (3S, 3aS, 6α, 6aR)-dihydrosporothrioride (11) and 4,6-dihydroxy-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone (12). Compounds 1, 5 and 9 -12 were isolated from Myrothecium sp. for the first time.Compounds 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8 exhibited strong inhibitory effects on Candida albicans, with a minimal inhibitory concentration （MIC50） of 0.318, 0.218, 0.047, 0.569 and 0.558 μg/mL, respectively.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To study the pathological features, immunophenotypes, differential diagnoses and prognostic parameters of collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney (CDC).@*Methods@#Clinical imaging, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and survival data of 10 patients at First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2009 to August 2017 were retrospectively analyzed along with a review of literatures.@*Results@#The clinical symptoms of CDC were not specific, and image examinations showed space-occupying mass lesions. Tumors were mainly located in renal medulla with grey and firm cut face and the presence of focal hemorrhage and necrosis. Microscopically, there were predominant tubular or tubular-papillary structures with associated focal sarcomatoid areas, desmoplastic stromal reaction and lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration. Tumor cells had marked cytological atypia with high grade nuclei, conspicuous nucleolus and numerous mitoses. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were strongly positive for CK19, E-cadherin, vimentin, HCK, CK7 and PAX8. The main treatment was radical nephrectomy in the patients. Seven cases died of CDC with median survival of 10 months.@*Conclusions@#CDC is a rare, highly aggressive malignancy of kidney with poor prognosis. Definitive diagnosis should be made by histology and immunohistochemistry. Differential diagnoses include papillary renal cell carcinoma(type Ⅱ), renal medullary carcinoma, infiltrating high grade urothelial carcinoma, renal pelvis adenocarcinoma and metastatic adenocarcinomas.
ABSTRACT
Teicoplanin is a kind of glycopeptide antibiotic extracted from actinomycetes after fermentation, which is mainly used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-positive cocci infection. The domestic and overseas research literatures on the advances in the analytical methods for teicoplanin were consulted, reviewed and analyzed. The determination methods of teicoplanin mainly includ-ed in vivo and in vitro pharmaceutical analysis. The analytical methods involved high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, bio-assay determination, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, and a-mong them, HPLC technology was most commonly utilized in the determination of teicoplanin in biological samples and teicoplanin preparations. Much progress has been made in the analytical methods for teicoplanin, and further exploration of determination methods in vivo and in vitro will be beneficial to the quality control of the drug and guiding clinical rational administration.